![实战八卦64散手掌](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/510/686510/b_686510.jpg)
第一路
第一掌 进步挑掌(
)泽天夬
夬卦阳刚长盛,阴柔将消尽。终之以夬而言阴阳消长、进退、盛衰、存亡,此正于篇首的乾刚相照应,无非是说六十四皆乾坤刚柔的具体变化。夬卦卦体上兑()下乾(
),兑为泽,乾为天,泽水上于天为大泽,盈满溃决倾泻而下,洪水滔天,故称夬。
1.十字当胸
左掌前伸并上起,使左手大指甲根(中商穴)与右手大指甲尖相接。左手的少商穴正对自己的鼻尖。(图1-1)
2.跟步回抱
重心前移至右足,左足向前跟步。肚脐收回,左脚尖与右脚跟相贴。想两手心贴前心,双手有相抱之意,八个指尖向外,两个大指朝天,夹脊有凉气,肚脐向里瘪。(图1-2)
3.左挑左进
左手朝后对正脸,向上伸,尾闾向下坐,注意向下撤右手,左手自然向上。当挑起至左头顶后,翻转成手心朝前,左手上挑要接上空,与右足成上下直线。同时左足前伸,右掌前按,右手追左脚,手心向前。(图1-3)
【技击用法】设敌(白衣者)以右手截我右手,我以左掌挑起敌之右臂,并以右掌进击敌之胸部。(图1-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-E5QemWCn944dJVvPH5gw4VbPR2MuOXGm-0-f873e7a1fa1d69418ceaedfac2609e11)
图1-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-2rgC3tQSqgQH4HMAczPoNwGwa3Qge55s-0-c72dd1115827aa0e40d0fc5203e73c4c)
图1-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-lh2i577gHq4LMlpzqQCPd4elS4cKpe5P-0-c6e16b1c992e0363a353d92ec026386d)
图1-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-ZG4x3ObdbGYDDTFiczu7TCqUBf5fwacG-0-17067739eefaf1e4e8d88eae982cb5cf)
图1-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-9hwnEkHt3PSwMyW5NiRqkzloNtxBGvHp-0-e832ad115bcd24efd5e532705e8fef93)
图1-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-zF1yxWZlGYGLzyivhhLRXuVjRtDLhBS8-0-bcaef17ad4e250bfb3f1f092d0f7b447)
图1-6
第二掌 狮子捧球(
)泽地萃(
)
“萃,聚也。”物相遇而后聚,故受之以萃。萃卦卦体上兑()下坤(
),兑为泽,坤为地,是泽水居于地上。泽水聚合盈满高出地面,只能筑堤以防水患,随时都有溃决的危险。
1.右拨左开
想右阳陵,右手自去。再想左阳陵。右掌向下向左拨,左足向左横开一步,重心移至左足,右足向左足跟步。同时,右臂垂于体前,掌心朝左,掌指朝下。左臂微屈。目前下视。(图2-1)
2.右摇左扬
右掌向左再向上向右再向下摇。右手摇一圈,左掌上扬,不要用力。使右手背贴右大腿根。左臂上举,左腿直立。(图2-2)
3.进步双捧
右脚向右前方上步成右半马步。右手向左上后提再向右前发出。左肘找右膝,右膝往外;右肘在软肋处,右肘找左膝,左膝往外,敞膝而裹裆。重心左七右三。双手如捧球状。左手心向上,手指向后回指,有贴地之意。右手心向前。扬左臂,沉左肘抻右膝。(图2-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手击我右肋,我以右小臂下挂并圈挑敌之右臂,以右掌掖击敌之右软肋,并以左掌推击敌之右肩。(图2-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-lrR3H6sc4gDqe9fmH7xyRHy0uoxcGNwd-0-307d38e63ef53a74f5837ec0a066a128)
图2-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-905yeYC7NnrWsGlzmhwSySvgqjLUNXaS-0-14bd10786ce5c8c188096e3a61c0f16a)
图2-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-faTLC3COxWzcPpVBn5F3MqhsBcQ5mOiZ-0-ddbcd0c4ee697262dc903282f267c28c)
图2-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-LHWFPJFyo3nk3dbUJGdtFFusyEoWKq0Q-0-72d5e8d0fa2277bb7cbb31ec9d570924)
图2-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-7VBqZtUKyWxjNSraoamGVW6KFiKjmWu7-0-ff6d59d9787be9f25e9675aa1601f6a4)
图2-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-yn2rVg5q3Ps7occpi0al3EVE9Ia4zcwt-0-83e09985ecb6fb2b3704c051bf5ba9a7)
图2-6
第三掌 进步掖撞(
)水雷屯
屯卦下震()上坎(
),震为雷,坎为雨,震雷在下坎雨在上,只见阴阳二气郁结交密充于整个空间,但云雷而未成雨,故称云雷屯。屯为天地阴阳始交而怀育,新的生命降临于世,前途是大通而无限。
1.右研左提
身体重心移到右足。眼神放到右前方,眼先到,右掌追神,气到右指尖,右手向西南时左手为擎天柱。左脚追上,随即向后回撤。变脸眼看左前方(东南),右手到东南,左足到右足后,接着又回撤。右手出来又回去划一圈。右手从左肋下向后追风池,看东北,右手到左肋;想摸风池,想风池,右手向右后研掌,手心向上,意从右后追风池穴。最后变为右手心朝下。重心前移右足,左足提起。(图3-1)
2.右掖左进
左足向前落地,右手心向下,右掌向前掖。左足尖向前一点,右手右足进。(图3-2)
3.进步扒撞
左掌落右掌手背,左掌贴到右手背就离,向地扒掌,同时右足向前进步。右掌自然有向前之力。双足成三七开,左膝与脚尖垂直,右膝与脚腕垂直。将神领起,手上自然就有了。(图3-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手击我胸前,我以右掌轻浮于敌右小臂上面平转后,从敌右小臂下面绕钻进去掖撞其胸部。(图3-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-6Trv8x3xiRch7kvJOuZRVbSily7lPv6f-0-fc5b183a7eca480ea2f1f6cd986de158)
图3-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-i2PQjDV2xoWimuXWaPKRk3prOTJLmrjt-0-33a1d80f03b68c4584eccde134690ace)
图3-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-5ij0eMq7GpPjAGBIcUfWZqamuAZVKCqN-0-a98fa64313c3384d775b7b3cccc2b273)
图3-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-heCJGsOEN6xzf8BmqzdDROe4DjCmppMg-0-2a8bdcc3550e0ee47dda06c938bd4ade)
图3-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-cdxSpj7cTPacEWh3eCjCYdyZfbW4fvOO-0-1cb93da77e6790595cb06fef1a2c8a82)
图3-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-2pPCQVNkKTUvgQelKdXxwgemH3ZcGcrl-0-e370265d52efb562d565a69531d2c1a5)
图3-6
第四掌 猛虎跳涧(
)天火同人
同人卦五刚一柔,以一柔为主。又得下体之中,上与乾()相应,故言:“柔得位得中而应乎乾。”下离(
)因一柔应五阳,说明上下远近皆与它心同志同,此即与人相和同。同人卦所强调的是统一和同一,唯统一和同一才能达到中和,也才能与人相和同而不争。
1.右采右提
身体微右转,重心后移,左腿直立,右腿屈膝高提。同时,右掌向前下按,掌心朝下,虎口朝前。目前下视。(图4-1)
2.左拨右转
左掌向右拨,身体向右转,同时左脚蹬地跳起,右脚落地支撑,左腿屈膝高提。同时,左掌由下经左向前向下划圆至左膝外侧,掌心朝下,虎口朝前。目前下视。(图4-2)
3.左弓右栽
左足向前落步,重心前移成左弓步,同时右掌握拳由下经后向上向前贯击,拳面朝前,拳眼朝下。左掌由下经右向前上划弧,左臂屈于体前,肘尖朝下,左掌护在右腕处。掌心朝右,掌指朝上。目前平视。这个贯击,栽捶要拳眼朝下,打对方的中心线,到其腰上。(图4-3)
【技击用法】设敌以两脚轮踢我两肋,我以两掌按破之。若敌又以右手击我胸部,我以左掌拨破后,以右拳贯击敌之头面或胸部。(图4-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-6dvkUB6S2hbbIR9Mjq5oMO55MyEK53Rl-0-78d5160c15d4688f956e74ac1d78ca0f)
图4-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-GaFrTTclbvOSiUtumPo3Q2X1OiS7vGjv-0-6786a76342847fd418bc4259f76c35b4)
图4-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-htHgaAA9DEpxe52qXwF7Drwgn7ZLslaj-0-3ff5043e7f9410e8db859bfda92a6f02)
图4-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-x9Rt7oXrwKc17JjwZSbgCN8a8A81De7B-0-bf0229aa91802889f9322c76f201a3e8)
图4-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-ue9v6AJeUUqBNF9SdDXSFTK7BzFpcDGx-0-511efdd1fa81ba943c8dfb4349834fc9)
图4-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-Y1VYIAcCEUyNgsnxyh5D0KDXyGThBcjs-0-f88a855ba64ee36483cc3d9cd5371a92)
图4-6
第五掌 黑虎入洞(
)火风鼎
鼎,因鼎卦的卦面形状与鼎相像。下巽()上离(
),巽为木,离为火,木上生火,有烹饪之象。
1.两臂上举
身体右转,直腿直立,重心称至两腿之间。同时右拳变掌,于额前上举,左掌贴右小臂外侧上穿成两腕交叉,掌心朝前,虎口朝两侧。目前上视。(图5-1)
2.两臂平展
重心右移,右腿屈膝半蹲成右弓步。同时两臂落至平举,右掌成拳,拳心朝前,拳眼朝上。左掌心朝前,虎口朝上。目右平视。(图5-2)
3.左弓撩捶
身体左转成左弓步。同时右拳由后经下向前划半圆撩捶,拳心朝左,拳眼朝上。左臂屈于体前,左手护右腕。掌心朝右,掌指朝上。目前平视。(图5-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手捋我右腕,我上提后领敌之右手后,先以左掌劈其右臂,再以右拳撩击敌之裆腹、胸部或下颚。(图5-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-1gndqAn0fAwWLkF7REYvOaOamkHA0LMC-0-b7c44f01d5a9b4709a1efddf4057162f)
图5-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-Wl4jh6I7DYnUDwxEeZSDaEIRgcchoej7-0-dd8552e93c0d128e4d92f174ee051c37)
图5-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-eAo0LS3KmmfXdyZE9RvzCPzPRqIcCvXT-0-f843a4a57edb3b134ffbbc81d6b930c3)
图5-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-dR8XTxsN8Yv6ZFB2JBtgLQSjfHEPJmba-0-802614771b9003919d04fed6ad01f7da)
图5-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-BiIfxUoKwozUgHzKknhy8bWrw3UjVGMb-0-148b545f0379dcc1b41ecacf0aef14bd)
图5-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-k0mCVAHtvgKUub22IQmjBVxCSlqy8KEr-0-b6e512ae5841db2b188118b4444903fc)
图5-6
第六掌 反臂劈捶(
)天雷无妄
无妄,真实而无虚假。无妄卦义是讲天道自然规律的真实性。无妄下体震,震属阳刚,阳刚为实,就是由虚妄而变成了真实。卦体上为乾(),乾为天;下为震(
),震为雷,雷行天下能声传百里,无物不受其震动。古人认为冬季阳气潜藏,至春季阳气奋出地面而成雷。万物冬季处于冬眠状态,到春季闻雷声而惊醒,发育生芽破甲出土。这个天道自然规律是真实可见的。
1.右定心肘
左掌改扶右手背,右拳找左胸口,手背朝上,右肘自行向前击出。(图6-1)
2.退身左按
重心向后移至右足,左掌向右按。(图6-2)
3.右开花炮
右手从左肘内翻出,手背朝前向前甩出,边下落边握拳。想下中上三关,前脚掌蹬,不要想右手。(图6-3)
【技击用法】设敌侧身闪让我撩拳,我以右肘顶击敌之胸部。若敌以右拳击我头部,我以左掌按其右腕,坐身破其来势,并以右拳反捶敌之头面。(图6-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-EZYa24HHub47gGwoh0y244TGJaJedkRQ-0-092371062aa756bd1f437829c5e5dec8)
图6-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-We4rsAPyh6fo1JB1Na7tLdncS1njJMhl-0-543a7f62c63d61b841db2c2fbb8df091)
图6-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-IoZy6e0Wc6RUsjoSP3l0A7PfWmaFzejT-0-d262fde979177b975e7770c60c3afe56)
图6-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-ZOgPJoZLbGv0UJkqaKWmw3Oly1rWYbzJ-0-c25f245cfdbf3e3a350e4b1950b3ea63)
图6-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-4UnPGCsLOwvgftDubvPkhucY56fVQEKy-0-51ab073bd7fcc2c3c50be4ff89a28896)
图6-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-FyF9rKo6wTmVpNkeJhQsWIrGN8KeiEBa-0-4d1372e14d19e9ba188a59b29d94b069)
图6-6
第七掌 双鞭压肘(
)水风井
井卦为通达,因井水取之不尽用之不竭,养人养物无穷困之时。井卦卦体下巽()上坎(
),巽为木、为入,坎为水。古时北方于井口设一木桩,将横木吊在桩上,一端用绳索挂水桶,另一端系上石头,以中间木桩为杠杆,使两端上下运动提井水而出。巽下为桔槔之木挂桶入井之相,坎为水为提水出井之相,下巽上坎即为桔槔深入井中提水而上,可以济物。
1.右手刁捋
重心微向前移,右拳变掌,微上举,与右额齐高,翻掌向前刁捋,身体微右转。(图7-1)
2.左掸右提
左手向左下掸,右足提起。(图7-2)
3.半马滚压
右手向前、左、后研掌至心口处划个小圈后再向右后捋,左掌以外、前、右圈至胸前,右足向后落下成半马步。然后右手变勾向右后提,左掌向左前滚转推出,即左小臂边向前推边内旋。(图7-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手抓掳我右腕,我即以右手反刁敌之右腕,并以左小臂滚压敌之右肘。(图7-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-aTQtI5oD436wXMBHQF1kGWBDEbGhSi88-0-d0809595304eaa2702ec1a88f88b5400)
图7-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-08uMBOQlaqRFeEEynAzmVUdgpTq3HZ8b-0-abdbe7b4a891acc1f857e5dbc5263652)
图7-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-1XWelxtCI0WikI6YPa5tpnKvcRzxWOcp-0-25f77f8bd0b76a4cf9c6d3fa41022513)
图7-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-KYjOqHsd2UBxI8692FEHnQ7NXNbIVITq-0-e1f004dcf67596ad4dd4df316729189e)
图7-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-nnBSxhXwRy8b46LFtdWeOPTWJDBDu61y-0-34d6650eba101185411aab9f32a632f5)
图7-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-igv1w8NmCyjJtkMbsRFIED3fqIQdBdrS-0-750d1fbfa0eb8b4059473a38eecfd549)
图7-6
第八掌 朝天献肘(
)水山蹇
“蹇者,难也。”蹇为险难。蹇下艮上坎为“见险而能止”。是见险而知险,知险而能止,不去冒险。卦体下艮()上坎(
),艮为山,坎为水,坎在艮上是山上有水,水在山下可流归大江大河无所阻碍,水在山上因山峦起伏水流曲折经常受阻难行,有蹇难之相。
1.退身左刁
身体左转,重心后移至右足,左脚自退,回收成左虚步。左手刁,虎口朝前,对正对方的鼻子。目前平视。(图8-1)
2.进步拧肘
重心前移,右足向前进步,右手去抓左手腕,虎口朝后,向下压肘。(注意:练习时是抓自己的手臂,而用时则是抓对方的手臂。)然后以右肘找对方的肘,贴上后再找自己的左膝。目右下视。(图8-2)
3.侧仰扬肘
重心移左足,右足收至左足旁,同时右肘上场。如左手抓对方手腕,右手抓对方肘,则我之右肘能顶起对方掖下处。目右上视。(图8-3)
【技击用法】设敌以左手击在我头面,我以左手抓掳其腕,接着以右手抓敌左腕上部,以右肘压敌之左肘,再向上提肘将敌拿起。(图8-4~6)
收势
右足向西南落步,右肘亦落下。左脚前上一步,脚尖内扣。同时身体右转。左掌由下经前向上向右划弧,掌心朝下,掌指朝右。右臂屈于胸前,右掌心朝里,掌指朝上。右脚回收半步,全脚掌着地直膝虚立,两膝相贴。同时右掌经左小臂上面向前穿出,掌心朝上,虎口朝前。左掌位于右腋下,掌心朝下,虎口朝后,两肘相贴。目前平视,收势成老僧托钵。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0001.jpg?sign=1739176422-YU3iXDZAqmmgkkpVF5cmlM9iFmA7yxHh-0-d4a7bce99ec46ac6c2a9f0de5f324317)
图8-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0002.jpg?sign=1739176422-LllZld8WYXrsBWqA5Z5qHPT98loKvtUp-0-ba6b63043c16b76110153cf999369787)
图8-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0003.jpg?sign=1739176422-dkMgiSBLlKa7BoH6E6Fh6JpDiQylBhvY-0-41e64bcb4f4b56cf37491ee0ff0747d9)
图8-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0004.jpg?sign=1739176422-2JhgsgET6NmQpST9gUkX4GY8qH1kDpeH-0-31d7088d8b07c69426ac289709726ad8)
图8-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0005.jpg?sign=1739176422-KiYlVhDYp7ahFYZGFx6y0avAnTVbztSq-0-f3b180c58bcb41db4f355cc8767a34cc)
图8-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0006.jpg?sign=1739176422-SXl24jzxRHt7ZXxpDpNWb5hhJCQQxxVR-0-89a340089265410976286cd0b6471206)
图8-6