Data Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics
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Using frequencies to verify missing data patterns

Another advantage of scrutinizing the individual fields is the ability to see the pattern of missing data. The Income table in previous screenshot contains usable information for 56.9% of those surveyed. The fact that so many individuals did not have any income is undoubtedly because some are retired or currently unemployed.

This can be checked by requesting a frequency distribution for the LABOR FORCE STATUS field. Use frequencies to request a table as shown in the following screenshot to verify that the missing income information aligns with the employment status information: